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NotesUESTC/编程语言笔记/C++笔记/C++笔记.md

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# C++笔记
**一、C++字符串的本质**
对于char*类型的字符串而言,其字符串的内容都在程序的静态存储区。其指针指向这篇内存的首地址。
```C
const char* str1 = "this is str1";
const char* str2 = "this is str2";
char* str = str1;
printf("%s\n", str);
str = str2;
printf("%s\n", str);
```
**二、字符串的拷贝**
字符串在拷贝的时候,其实本质就是内存的复制过程。 字符串名其实是一个指针所以无法知道字符串的长度所以一般C语言里面都是用'\0'符号表示字符串的结尾,如果没有'\0'可能会导致strlen等函数无法取得正确的结果。
```C
char OldSSID[32] = { 0 };
char* NewSSID = "MySSID";
/*Copy the string content. */
strcpy(OldSSID, NewSSID);
/* Output the result. */
printf("wifi ssid = %s\n", OldSSID);
```
其实,上述的本质就是按照每一位进行复制直到复制到'\0'结束所以使用memcpy函数也可以实现同样的效果。值得注意的是strlen只能计算非'\0'部分的长度所以在memcpy的时候需要多拷贝一位printf才能正确的打印函数。'\0'对于编译器判断字符串的结尾位置非常的重要,如果没有'\0'结束标志位可能会导致越界读取内存从而导致出错问题。
```c
char OldSSID[32] = { 'O','r','i','g','i','n','P','a'};
char* NewSSID = "MySSID";
/*Copy the string content. */
memcpy(OldSSID, NewSSID, strlen(NewSSID) + 1);
/* Output the result. */
printf("wifi ssid = %s\n", OldSSID);
```