forked from zhurui/management
245 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
245 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
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node-gyp
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=========
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## Node.js native addon build tool
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`node-gyp` is a cross-platform command-line tool written in Node.js for compiling
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native addon modules for Node.js. It bundles the [gyp](https://gyp.gsrc.io)
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project used by the Chromium team and takes away the pain of dealing with the
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various differences in build platforms. It is the replacement to the `node-waf`
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program which is removed for node `v0.8`. If you have a native addon for node that
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still has a `wscript` file, then you should definitely add a `binding.gyp` file
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to support the latest versions of node.
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Multiple target versions of node are supported (i.e. `0.8`, ..., `4`, `5`, `6`,
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etc.), regardless of what version of node is actually installed on your system
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(`node-gyp` downloads the necessary development files or headers for the target version).
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## Features
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* Easy to use, consistent interface
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* Same commands to build your module on every platform
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* Supports multiple target versions of Node
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Installation
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------------
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You can install with `npm`:
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``` bash
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$ npm install -g node-gyp
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```
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You will also need to install:
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### On Unix
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* `python` (`v2.7` recommended, `v3.x.x` is __*not*__ supported)
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* `make`
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* A proper C/C++ compiler toolchain, like [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org)
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### On macOS
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* `python` (`v2.7` recommended, `v3.x.x` is __*not*__ supported) (already installed on macOS)
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* [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/download/)
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* You also need to install the `Command Line Tools` via Xcode. You can find this under the menu `Xcode -> Preferences -> Locations` (or by running `xcode-select --install` in your Terminal)
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* This step will install `gcc` and the related toolchain containing `make`
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### On Windows
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#### Option 1
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Install all the required tools and configurations using Microsoft's [windows-build-tools](https://github.com/felixrieseberg/windows-build-tools) using `npm install --global --production windows-build-tools` from an elevated PowerShell or CMD.exe (run as Administrator).
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#### Option 2
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Install tools and configuration manually:
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* Install Visual C++ Build Environment: [Visual Studio Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=BuildTools)
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(using "Visual C++ build tools" workload) or [Visual Studio 2017 Community](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/pl/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community)
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(using the "Desktop development with C++" workload)
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* Install [Python 2.7](https://www.python.org/downloads/) (`v3.x.x` is not supported), and run `npm config set python python2.7` (or see below for further instructions on specifying the proper Python version and path.)
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* Launch cmd, `npm config set msvs_version 2017`
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If the above steps didn't work for you, please visit [Microsoft's Node.js Guidelines for Windows](https://github.com/Microsoft/nodejs-guidelines/blob/master/windows-environment.md#compiling-native-addon-modules) for additional tips.
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If you have multiple Python versions installed, you can identify which Python
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version `node-gyp` uses by setting the '--python' variable:
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``` bash
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$ node-gyp --python /path/to/python2.7
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```
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If `node-gyp` is called by way of `npm` *and* you have multiple versions of
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Python installed, then you can set `npm`'s 'python' config key to the appropriate
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value:
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``` bash
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$ npm config set python /path/to/executable/python2.7
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```
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How to Use
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----------
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To compile your native addon, first go to its root directory:
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``` bash
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$ cd my_node_addon
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```
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The next step is to generate the appropriate project build files for the current
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platform. Use `configure` for that:
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``` bash
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$ node-gyp configure
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```
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Auto-detection fails for Visual C++ Build Tools 2015, so `--msvs_version=2015`
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needs to be added (not needed when run by npm as configured above):
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``` bash
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$ node-gyp configure --msvs_version=2015
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```
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__Note__: The `configure` step looks for the `binding.gyp` file in the current
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directory to process. See below for instructions on creating the `binding.gyp` file.
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Now you will have either a `Makefile` (on Unix platforms) or a `vcxproj` file
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(on Windows) in the `build/` directory. Next invoke the `build` command:
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``` bash
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$ node-gyp build
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```
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Now you have your compiled `.node` bindings file! The compiled bindings end up
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in `build/Debug/` or `build/Release/`, depending on the build mode. At this point
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you can require the `.node` file with Node and run your tests!
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__Note:__ To create a _Debug_ build of the bindings file, pass the `--debug` (or
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`-d`) switch when running either the `configure`, `build` or `rebuild` command.
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The "binding.gyp" file
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----------------------
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Previously when node had `node-waf` you had to write a `wscript` file. The
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replacement for that is the `binding.gyp` file, which describes the configuration
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to build your module in a JSON-like format. This file gets placed in the root of
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your package, alongside the `package.json` file.
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A barebones `gyp` file appropriate for building a node addon looks like:
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``` python
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{
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"targets": [
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{
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"target_name": "binding",
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"sources": [ "src/binding.cc" ]
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}
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]
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}
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```
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Some additional resources for addons and writing `gyp` files:
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* ["Going Native" a nodeschool.io tutorial](http://nodeschool.io/#goingnative)
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* ["Hello World" node addon example](https://github.com/nodejs/node/tree/master/test/addons/hello-world)
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* [gyp user documentation](https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/UserDocumentation.md)
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* [gyp input format reference](https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/InputFormatReference.md)
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* [*"binding.gyp" files out in the wild* wiki page](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp/wiki/%22binding.gyp%22-files-out-in-the-wild)
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Commands
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--------
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`node-gyp` responds to the following commands:
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| **Command** | **Description**
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|:--------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------
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| `help` | Shows the help dialog
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| `build` | Invokes `make`/`msbuild.exe` and builds the native addon
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| `clean` | Removes the `build` directory if it exists
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| `configure` | Generates project build files for the current platform
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| `rebuild` | Runs `clean`, `configure` and `build` all in a row
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| `install` | Installs node header files for the given version
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| `list` | Lists the currently installed node header versions
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| `remove` | Removes the node header files for the given version
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Command Options
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--------
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`node-gyp` accepts the following command options:
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| **Command** | **Description**
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| `-j n`, `--jobs n` | Run make in parallel
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| `--target=v6.2.1` | Node version to build for (default=process.version)
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| `--silly`, `--loglevel=silly` | Log all progress to console
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| `--verbose`, `--loglevel=verbose` | Log most progress to console
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| `--silent`, `--loglevel=silent` | Don't log anything to console
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| `debug`, `--debug` | Make Debug build (default=Release)
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| `--release`, `--no-debug` | Make Release build
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| `-C $dir`, `--directory=$dir` | Run command in different directory
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| `--make=$make` | Override make command (e.g. gmake)
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| `--thin=yes` | Enable thin static libraries
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| `--arch=$arch` | Set target architecture (e.g. ia32)
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| `--tarball=$path` | Get headers from a local tarball
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| `--devdir=$path` | SDK download directory (default=~/.node-gyp)
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| `--ensure` | Don't reinstall headers if already present
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| `--dist-url=$url` | Download header tarball from custom URL
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| `--proxy=$url` | Set HTTP proxy for downloading header tarball
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| `--cafile=$cafile` | Override default CA chain (to download tarball)
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| `--nodedir=$path` | Set the path to the node source code
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| `--python=$path` | Set path to the python (2) binary
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| `--msvs_version=$version` | Set Visual Studio version (win)
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| `--solution=$solution` | Set Visual Studio Solution version (win)
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Configuration
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--------
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__`node-gyp` responds to environment variables or `npm` configuration__
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1. Environment variables take the form `npm_config_OPTION_NAME` for any of the
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options listed above (dashes in option names should be replaced by underscores).
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These work also when `node-gyp` is invoked directly:
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`$ export npm_config_devdir=/tmp/.gyp`
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or on Windows
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`> set npm_config_devdir=c:\temp\.gyp`
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2. As `npm` configuration, variables take the form `OPTION_NAME`.
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This way only works when `node-gyp` is executed by `npm`:
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`$ npm config set [--global] devdir /tmp/.gyp`
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`$ npm i buffertools`
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License
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-------
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(The MIT License)
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Copyright (c) 2012 Nathan Rajlich <nathan@tootallnate.net>
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
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a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
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distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
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permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
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the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
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included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
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CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
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TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
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SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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[python-v2.7.10]: https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-2710/
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[msvc2013]: https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/download/details.aspx?id=44914
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[win7sdk]: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=8279
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[compiler update for the Windows SDK 7.1]: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=4422
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